彭湃中学汉京体育中心

年份: 2018-2020
地点: 中国汕尾
类型: 体育/教育
状态: 建成
建筑面积: 8,333 m2
设计团队：陈东华、梁劭肄、林新德、黄慧婷、卢桦葆、张皓星、刘皓宇、杨天朗、杨可、刘培烨、谢婉怡等
施工图设计院：天尚设计广东分院
摄影：张皓星、李新睿、陈东华

一座开放的构筑

彭湃中学体育馆位于中国华南亚热带地区的汕尾市，并在深圳汉京集团的捐款预算下建造而成。考虑到有限的资金以及校方日后的运营，我们决定减配空调和部分外围护，而采用遮阳、自然通风、自然采光等手段去营造一个半户外的运动场所。这延续了夏昌世先生所提倡的亚热带遮阳、隔热、通风等建造逻辑和匠意。同时，中学本身的外部边界围墙也正好提供了一道保护内部的界面，使得体育馆全天候开放的条件得以成立。外部的限定条件反而成为一座开放构筑物的促成因素。在我们看来，这座体育馆首先是一个原始性的、庇护性的“构筑”（shed），才是“房子”或者“建筑”。在同一屋檐下，这个开放的场域，通过不同的通道和平台，记录着各种空间的活动和叙事。

共享阴影

彭湃中学原有的外部围墙成为了体育馆日常打开的第一道保护界面，是得体育馆在整个校园里成为唯一全天候开放的架空构筑物。建筑内部90%以上都是遮阴面积，成为亚热带气候下低能耗的半户外场所。这一开放性与内部功能、结构布局想对应：体育馆并非创造一个围合性的个体（object），而是一片由底层架空柱子（piloti）组成的、逐层打开的场域（field）。由内到位逐渐变细的柱子尺寸，从内核的游泳池，到风雨跑道、风雨乒乓球场等半户外空间，再到坡道和平台等，柱子尺寸逐渐收细，表达了室内外的模糊过渡；同时剪力墙的南北方向也暗示了首层泳池的方向，并为其提供一道隐晦的视线遮挡。这一渐变的柱子矩阵的空间类型，与西班牙的科尔多瓦清真寺的柱阵相类似，同样作为为一种水平延展的、支撑结构变体的场域类型，但科尔多瓦清真寺是由外到内的切割与围合，体育馆是由内到外的逐层开放。

螺旋漫游

漫游（promenade）是架空坡道承载的重要活动和功能，而螺旋是平面布局内部到外发散的动态趋势，两者结合在一起形成一种动态的游走体验。同时，这些坡道和楼梯也为学校大会等特殊聚集活动的消防疏散提供了帮助。

路径、风景、空间、形式等多者融为一体，形成建筑最基本与直接的外观。这样的一个体育馆放弃了那种图像式的、具象的、奇观的建筑印象，而是打开了那种完成的、封闭的方盒子，并把它变成一个日常的、生长的、未完成的场所。她将以一种开放的空间包容性去记载更多的集体记忆，一种动态的现有而非固态的过去。

被瓦解的中心与有厚度的边缘

因此这个体育“中心”也开始溶解和分散，而他的“边缘”空间却在重新螺旋重组。“建筑单体”最后化解为一系列的片断；这些片断的缝隙里填满了自然、风景和空间场景。一个新的螺旋秩序重新组织了边缘的幕墙、平台、坡道、楼梯等片断，连接着不同标高的体育场地。光影无缝不入，运动无处不在：学生孩子们可以在其中创造他们的空间，寻找他们的乐趣。

亚热带气候下的开放性与灵活性

在中学外部围墙的保护下，体育馆反而可以成为一个完全开放的风雨构筑物。通过打开体育馆的所有界面，构筑物更多地拥抱自然采光、通风，以及阴影底下的凉快，更适合师生们在亚热带地区的体育活动。这样同时也消除了建筑物对空调的依赖，减少中学在电费方面的运营负担。所有预算成本、亚热带气候等限制条件反而催生了一个更自然的、开放的、创新的原始构筑物，而非传统意义上的、围合的、高能耗的单体建筑物。

Hanking Sports Center of Pengpai School:

Year: 2018-2020
Location: Shanwei, China
Type: Sports/ Education
Status: Built
GFA: 8,333 m2
Design Team：Chen Donghua, Liang Shaoxi, Lin Xinde, Huang Huiting, Lu Huabao, Zhang Haoxing, Liu Haoyu, Yang Tianlang, Yang Ke, Liu Peiye, Xie Wanyi, etc.
Collaborator：Tianshang Architectural Design Institute (CD Phase)
Photography: Zhang Haoxing, Li Xinrui, Chen Donghua

An Open Shed:

The sports center is donated by Hanking Group within a limited budget and built in Guangdong, a subtropical area in South China. We regard it as a shed first, then a building or architecture. Under the same roof is the open field of different sports activities, connected in between the passages, ramps and platforms.

Open Ground and Common Shade:

The ground Piloti consists of mainly aggregation of supporting elements–columns and shear walls, while they are located in the rhythm of diverse intervals, matrixes and grids. But in the end, they are interconnected with each other into a spiral trend, a field within which produces different tensions for different parts by deploying these neutral structural elements. The space, structure and function are different but similar at the same time.

Inspired by the plan of the great Mosque of Cordoba, an instructive example reflecting the concept of filed, which encloses the diverse matrixes within an integrate wall, the one of Hanking Sports Center is open to the external environment to extend the spatial consistency and create a shared piloti ground. However, such extension does not undermine the internal relation and composition logic of a field, but rather, it strengths the concept of field into a more ambiguous while pragmatic entity.

Spiral Promenade:

Promenade is one of the five points of modernity by Le Corbusier and important characteristics in his modern works. Here, the concept of promenade is richened with more other aspects. The spiral promenade bestows the field vectors with orientation, the surrounding circulation with panorama views, and the building with centrifugal force. Therefore, such ramps are not only the lanes for safety exits, but also the in-between mediums to create consistent view and stimulate dynamic movement in this sports center.

Dissolution of the Object

By doing so, the central dissolves and the marginal revolves. The building object eventually collapses into a series of fragments, in between of which the interval gap is filled with natural resource, framed views and spatial scenarios. Also, a new radiation order of this field is introduced to re-organize fragmental elements such as the passages, ramps, platforms, stairs, columns, walls, skylights, facades, etc. Beside four interior stairs, three more ramps and one more single-fold stair will be added as safety exit to surround the structure, as the second floor will serve as a sports court as well as the gathering or conference space for the school. The shadow, light and fragmental elements compose a series of playful and rhythmic scenarios. The space is uncompleted and dynamic, left with more flexibility for the students to fill in the blanks, as they can always find their way to activate it and play with it.

Flexibility under the Semi-tropical Climate:

The shelter become a totally open place inside the close middle school, as the border wall of the school sets up the premise of an enclosed and safe environment. Like the structure inside a cell membrane, this living and changing organism can survive inside this matrix body. By disclosing the exterior interfaces, the shelter embraces the natural lighting, ventilation and shade in the subtropical south, in order to eliminate the air-conditioning, guarantee the construction within planned budget and decrease the future electricity-cost for local user of the middle school. And the grey shaded area is more suitable than the enclose air-conditioned one for the school and players to use. All these constrains become a creative opportunity: hot climate and limited budget turns to supports the establishment of a novel, open, environmental-friendly shelter rather than a traditional, closed, energy-consuming object.

Such a sports center will refresh the impression of the typical but spectacular ones in China. We just open a completed, closed, exaggerated Pandora Box, and turn it into a lively everyday place that resists to represent the mere style, icon or image. The sheltered space itself becomes a new container to accommodate the changing collective memory for the students, and such memory is the record of real-time presence rather than a fixed past.