深圳南海小学焕新改造

年份: 2022-2024
地点: 中国深圳
类型: 教育/改造
状态: 建成
原有建筑面积: 9,600 m2
设计团队：陈东华、何婧、方坤、何元曦（第二阶段）；黄统、陈炼、陈欣如、何海风、黄慧婷、陈柏谦、丘子宁、林嘉庭、李梓康、王宇玲等（第一阶段）
结构顾问：杨波
施工图设计院：深圳华森
摄影：吴嗣铭

这是一个利用暑假这个时间空隙，来填补校园内空间空隙的焕新行动。它要求整个过程极其迅速、灵活、有效，但所有事情又得合情合理、高度落地。

南海小学内部的正交空间结构与外部多变的城市界面碰撞出多个“剩余空间”，我们基于此空间结构关系，在入口风雨连廊、停车棚、首层折廊院子、围墙等多个地面节点进行了焕新，在满足功能使用的同时也丰富了原有空间关系。另外，由于学校对于使用面积的急迫需求，我们在屋顶和室内增设了不同的顶棚和夹层空间，包括体育馆、教学楼屋顶花园、屋顶阅读棚等，在竖直方向上进一步拓展空间的可能性。而这些地面或屋顶的新增棚子，都是半户外的构筑物，应对了炎热多雨的亚热带气候，非常便于日常使用，同时这种构筑物类型也减少了正规报建的审批流程。其他局部改造还包括走廊、厕所、外立面翻新等。我们希望从大到小的各个尺度都能为南海小学进行整合性的焕新。

屋顶多功能棚子的改造，顺应了底部的原有结构的柱跨关系，大部分为6米，末端变为8米。因此顶棚的结构形式在8米柱跨的位置也发生了变异，例如在保持立面斜撑的斜率同等情况下，8米柱跨对应的桁架做成了反梁形式，而在室内角度观察，底部的梁消失了，并进而替换成一道天窗。这样，结构形式既是遵循原有结构的柱跨，又是打破了原有的秩序性，发生了顺势而为的错位，产生了另类的形式与空间。这种突变是偶然的、显性的，又是自然的、放松的。

多功能棚子的结构体系为立体的钢框架体系。支撑为倒三角锥的立体斜撑，梁为桁架，因此杆件受力主要为轴力，长细比可以做得比较大。最粗的管径为斜撑的108mm直径，与排水管的管径相当，白色的、同等管径的两者基本融为一体，看不出彼此。其他杆件管径为50-80mm不等。因此，在原有建筑的有限加固条件下，这个棚架需要做得非常轻盈，宛如飘在树梢上一般。

Shenzhen Nanhai Primary School Renovation

Year: 2022-2024
Location: Shenzhen, China
Genre: Education/Renovation
Status: Built
Original GFA: 9,600 m2
Design Team: Chen Donghua, He Jing, Fang Kun, He Yuanxi (second stage); Huang Tong, Chen Lian, Chen Xinru, He Haifeng, Huang Huiting, Chen Baiqian, Qiu Zining, Lin Jiating, Li Zikang, Wang Yuling, etc. (first stage)
Structural Consultant: Yang Bo
Collaborator: Shenzhen Huasen (CD Phase)
Photography: Wu Siming

This is a renovation project that uses the time gap of summer vacation to fill in the space gap around the campus. It requires the whole process to be extremely fast, flexible, effective while all things come to be highly reasonable and operational.

The orthogonal spatial structure inside the Nanhai Primary School collides with the polygonal street interface outside, which produces many “remaining spaces”. Based on this spatial structure, we introduce the entrance corridor, parking shed, folding courtyard & pavilion, fence renovation, etc. to reconnect and activate those “remaining spaces”. This renovation not only meets the functional requirements, but also enriches the original spatial structure. In addition, due to the school’s urgent need for usable area, we added different sheds and mezzanine spaces at different levels, including rooftop multi-functional shed, roof gardens, reading sheds, etc., to further expand the possibility of space in the vertical direction. These new sheds on the ground or on the roof are semi-outdoor structures that adapt with the subtropical climate and the daily use. At the same time, this type of structure also reduces the approval process for formal construction applications. Other renovations include corridors, toilets, facade renovations, etc. We hope to carry out an integrated renovation for Nanhai Primary School at all scales and levels.

The renovation of the rooftop multifunctional shed complies with the column-span of the original structure at the bottom, which is mostly 6 meters and ends at 8 meters. Therefore, the structural form of the shed has also changed at the position of the 8-meter column span. For example, while maintaining the same slope of the facade diagonal columns, the truss at the 8-meter column span have been made into a reverse beam form. When viewed from an indoor angle, the bottom beam disappeared and was replaced by a skylight. In this way, the structural form not only follows the columns and spans of the original structure, but also breaks the original order, causing a natural dislocation and creating another form and space. This mutation is accidental, dominant but also natural, relaxed.

The structural system of the multifunctional shed is a three-dimensional steel frame system. The column is a three-dimensional diagonal brace in form of an inverted triangular pyramid, and the beam is a truss form. Therefore, the force on the structural member is mainly axial force, and the slenderness ratio can be made relatively large. The thickest diameter is the 108mm diameter of the diagonal-brace column, which is equivalent to the diameter of the drainage pipe. These two kinds of white and equal-diameter pipe are basically integrated into one, and hardly distinguished from each other. The diameter of other members ranges from 50mm to 80mm. Therefore, under the limited reinforcement conditions of the original building, this shed needs to be made very light, as if it is floating on the treetops.